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The topology of the netjail setup can be configured via a configuration file, or with a configuration string handed over to the generic binary for starting netjail based tests.</br></br> Both method can be examined in two example test scripts</br></br> test_transport_send_simple.sh</br></br> and</br></br> test_transport_send_simple_string.sh</br></br> The Syntax of the configuration is as follows.</br></br> The configuration string is structured by lines and the delimiter ':' used for seperating key/value(s) pairs and the chars '{' and '}' for grouping several key/value pairs as value and '|' to separate a group of values from the key/value(s) pair identifying a line. Below you find the EBNF of the configuration syntax.</br></br> config = line, {line} ;<br/><br/> line = ( "M:", NumberOfNodesPerSubnet ) | ( "N:", NumberOfSubnets ) | ( "X:", NumberOfGlobalNodes ) | NumberOfAdditionalConnections | ( "T:", GlobalPluginName ) | ( GlobalPeer, "|", KValue ) | ( "R:", IndexOfSubnetRouter, "|", RValue ) | ( SubnetPeer, "|", PValue ) ;<br/><br/> NumberOfNodesPerSubnet = Zero | NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumberOfSubnets = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumberOfGlobalNodes = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumberOfAdditionalConnections = "AC:", NaturalNumber GlobalPluginName = "libgnunet_test_transport_plugin_cmd_", PluginName ;<br/><br/> GlobalPeer = "K", ":", IndexOfGlobalNode ;<br/><br/> KValue = EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocol ;<br/><br/> IndexOfSubnetRouter = Zero | NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> RValue = OpenTCP, "|", OpenUDP ;<br/><br/> SubnetPeer = "P:", SubnetIndex, ":", NodeIndexInSubnet ;<br/><br/> PValue = EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocol, { "|", "{", NumberOfAdditionalConnections, "}" } ;<br/><br/> Zero = "0" ;<br/><br/> NaturalNumber = NumeralWithoutZero, { Numeral } ;<br/><br/> PluginName = Letter , { ( Letter | "_" ) } ;<br/><br/> IndexOfGlobalNode = Zero | NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocol = "{" "connect", ":" EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValues "}" ;<br/><br/> OpenTCP = OpenTCPNoSource | OpenTCPWithSource ;<br/><br/> OpenUDP = OpenUDPNoSource | OpenUDPWithSource ;<br/><br/> SubnetIndex = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NodeIndexInSubnet = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumeralWithoutZero = "0" | Numeral ;<br/><br/> Numeral = "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" ;<br/><br/> Letter = "A" | "B" | ... | "Z" | "a" | ... | "z";<br/><br/> EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValues = EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValue { "|", EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValue } OpenTCPNoSource = "{tcp_port:", switch, "}" ;<br/><br/> OpenUDPNoSource = "{udp_port:", switch, "}" ;<br/><br/> OpenTCPWithSource = "{tcp_port:", SubnetPeer, { "tcp_port", SubnetPeer } ;<br/><br/> OpenTUDWithSource = "{udp_port:", SubnetPeer, { "udp_port", SubnetPeer } ;<br/><br/> EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValue = "{", ( GlobalPeer | SubnetPeer ), ":", Protocol, "}" ;<br/><br/> switch = On | Off ;<br/><br/> Protocol = "tcp" | "udp" ;<br/><br/> On = 1 ;<br/><br/> Off = 0 ;<br/><br/>
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CMD helper and testcase plugins
 
Although netjail_exec.sh can execute an arbitrary command in the ng testing framework a special command is used: gnunet-cmds-helper This commands itself is of a special kind named helper processes which communicates via GNUNET_MessageHeaders on stdin/stdout with the process that started the helper. The gnunet-cmds-helper is used to load testcase plugins. Those plugins are implementations of an api which is used to start different test cases. Those plugins are dynamically loaded by gnunet-cmds-helper. Each plugin defines the commands which are running in a local interpreter loop started by the helper on that specific network namespace node. The plugins are also responsible for the communication via the helper with the master interpreter loop.
 
Command Pattern
 
The testing framework borrowed from the <a href="https://docs.taler.net/developers-manual.html#testing-library">GNU Taler testing library</a> was extended to handle asychronous commands. Therefore a struct GNUNET_TESTING_AsyncContext was added to struct GNUNET_TESTING_Command. By default the continuation function of GNUNET_TESTING_AsyncContext is the interpreter_next function of the interpreter loop (blocking asynchronous command) which will be executed calling GNUNET_TESTING_async_finish, when the asynchronous task finished, but also can be any other function to be executed when the asynchronous task is non blocking.
 
Topology Configuration
 
The topology of the netjail setup can be configured via a configuration file, or with a configuration string handed over to the generic binary for starting netjail based tests.</br></br> Both method can be examined in two example test scripts</br></br> test_transport_send_simple.sh</br></br> and</br></br> test_transport_send_simple_string.sh</br></br> The Syntax of the configuration is as follows.</br></br> The configuration string is structured by lines and the delimiter ':' used for seperating key/value(s) pairs and the chars '{' and '}' for grouping several key/value pairs as value and '|' to separate a group of values from the key/value(s) pair identifying a line. Below you find the EBNF of the configuration syntax.</br></br> config = line, {line} ;<br/><br/> line = ( "M:", NumberOfNodesPerSubnet ) | ( "N:", NumberOfSubnets ) | ( "X:", NumberOfGlobalNodes ) | NumberOfAdditionalConnections | ( "T:", GlobalPluginName ) | ( GlobalPeer, "|", KValue ) | ( "R:", IndexOfSubnetRouter, "|", RValue ) | ( SubnetPeer, "|", PValue ) ;<br/><br/> NumberOfNodesPerSubnet = Zero | NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumberOfSubnets = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumberOfGlobalNodes = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumberOfAdditionalConnections = "AC:", NaturalNumber GlobalPluginName = "libgnunet_test_transport_plugin_cmd_", PluginName ;<br/><br/> GlobalPeer = "K", ":", IndexOfGlobalNode ;<br/><br/> KValue = EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocol ;<br/><br/> IndexOfSubnetRouter = Zero | NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> RValue = OpenTCP, "|", OpenUDP ;<br/><br/> SubnetPeer = "P:", SubnetIndex, ":", NodeIndexInSubnet ;<br/><br/> PValue = EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocol, { "|", "{", NumberOfAdditionalConnections, "}" } ;<br/><br/> Zero = "0" ;<br/><br/> NaturalNumber = NumeralWithoutZero, { Numeral } ;<br/><br/> PluginName = Letter , { ( Letter | "_" ) } ;<br/><br/> IndexOfGlobalNode = Zero | NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocol = "{" "connect", ":" EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValues "}" ;<br/><br/> OpenTCP = OpenTCPNoSource | OpenTCPWithSource ;<br/><br/> OpenUDP = OpenUDPNoSource | OpenUDPWithSource ;<br/><br/> SubnetIndex = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NodeIndexInSubnet = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumeralWithoutZero = "0" | Numeral ;<br/><br/> Numeral = "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" ;<br/><br/> Letter = "A" | "B" | ... | "Z" | "a" | ... | "z";<br/><br/> EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValues = EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValue { "|", EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValue } OpenTCPNoSource = "{tcp_port:", switch, "}" ;<br/><br/> OpenUDPNoSource = "{udp_port:", switch, "}" ;<br/><br/> OpenTCPWithSource = "{tcp_port:", SubnetPeer, { "tcp_port", SubnetPeer } ;<br/><br/> OpenTUDWithSource = "{udp_port:", SubnetPeer, { "udp_port", SubnetPeer } ;<br/><br/> EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValue = "{", ( GlobalPeer | SubnetPeer ), ":", Protocol, "}" ;<br/><br/> switch = On | Off ;<br/><br/> Protocol = "tcp" | "udp" ;<br/><br/> On = 1 ;<br/><br/> Off = 0 ;<br/><br/>
 
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NGI Assure project: Probabilistic NAT Traversal
 
This project was funded through the NGI Assure Fund, a fund established by <a href="https://nlnet.nl/project/ProbabilisticNAT">NLnet</a>.</br>
 
For establishing a peer to peer (p2p) network among regular internet users, unhindered connectivity is anything but self-evident. Today consumer devices are often not directly reachable via the internet but quite often are behind a so called NAT delivering only indirect internet connectivity.
 
There are several methods to reach peers who are behind a NAT, but there are as many reasons those existing methods might fail. Manual configuration for example, as it is possible for example with home routers, often does not work for mobile devices like mobile phones. A further category of methods is subsumed under the term NAT hole punching. This exploits a behavior of the gateway that keeps the port of an outgoing packet open for a potential response. To make this port known to another peer a third peer is needed who is not behind a NAT. Using this method for a privacy preserving network like GNUnet, this could facilitate eclipse attacks (isolating a peer) which then can be used for deanonymization attacks and cencorship. Also any additional infrastructure needed to provide some kind of functionality has to be maintained by someone, becoming a target and/or point of failure. Therefore this method is not suitable. More sophisticated methods like "Autonomous NAT Traversal (pwnat)" using ICMP fake message, which do not need a third party for the initiation of the connection, are not successful in all circumstances, because this method depend on the behavior of the NAT firewall. All methods have in common that the external IP address of the peer behind the NAT must be known.
 

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The topology of the netjail setup can be configured via a configuration file, or with a configuration string handed over to the generic binary for starting netjail based tests.</br></br> Both method can be examined in two example test scripts</br></br> test_transport_send_simple.sh</br></br> and</br></br> test_transport_send_simple_string.sh</br></br> The Syntax of the configuration is as follows.</br></br> The configuration string is structured by lines and the delimiter ':' used for seperating key/value(s) pairs and the chars '{' and '}' for grouping several key/value pairs as value and '|' to separate a group of values from the key/value(s) pair identifying a line. Below you find the EBNF of the configuration syntax.</br></br> config = line, {line} ;<br/><br/> line = ( "M:", NumberOfNodesPerSubnet ) | ( "N:", NumberOfSubnets ) | ( "X:", NumberOfGlobalNodes ) | NumberOfAdditionalConnections | ( "T:", GlobalPluginName ) | ( GlobalPeer, "|", KValue ) | ( "R:", IndexOfSubnetRouter, "|", RValue ) | ( SubnetPeer, "|", PValue ) ;<br/><br/> NumberOfNodesPerSubnet = Zero | NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumberOfSubnets = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumberOfGlobalNodes = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumberOfAdditionalConnections = "AC:", NaturalNumber GlobalPluginName = "libgnunet_test_transport_plugin_cmd_", PluginName ;<br/><br/> GlobalPeer = "K", ":", IndexOfGlobalNode ;<br/><br/> KValue = EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocol ;<br/><br/> IndexOfSubnetRouter = Zero | NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> RValue = OpenTCP, "|", OpenUDP ;<br/><br/> SubnetPeer = "P:", SubnetIndex, ":", NodeIndexInSubnet ;<br/><br/> PValue = EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocol, { "|", "{", NumberOfAdditionalConnections, "}" } ;<br/><br/> Zero = "0" ;<br/><br/> NaturalNumber = NumeralWithoutZero, { Numeral } ;<br/><br/> PluginName = Letter , { ( Letter | "_" ) } ;<br/><br/> IndexOfGlobalNode = Zero | NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocol = "{" "connect", ":" EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValues "}" ;<br/><br/> OpenTCP = OpenTCPNoSource | OpenTCPWithSource ;<br/><br/> OpenUDP = OpenUDPNoSource | OpenUDPWithSource ;<br/><br/> SubnetIndex = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NodeIndexInSubnet = NaturalNumber ;<br/><br/> NumeralWithoutZero = "0" | Numeral ;<br/><br/> Numeral = "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" ;<br/><br/> Letter = "A" | "B" | ... | "Z" | "a" | ... | "z";<br/><br/> EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValues = EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValue { "|", EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValue } OpenTCPNoSource = "{tcp_port:", switch, "}" ;<br/><br/> OpenUDPNoSource = "{udp_port:", switch, "}" ;<br/><br/> OpenTCPWithSource = "{tcp_port:", SubnetPeer, { "tcp_port", SubnetPeer } ;<br/><br/> OpenTUDWithSource = "{udp_port:", SubnetPeer, { "udp_port", SubnetPeer } ;<br/><br/> EstablishConnectionToPeerViaProtocolValue = "{", ( GlobalPeer | SubnetPeer ), ":", Protocol, "}" ;<br/><br/> switch = On | Off ;<br/><br/> Protocol = "tcp" | "udp" ;<br/><br/> On = 1 ;<br/><br/> Off = 0 ;<br/><br/>
 
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template/l2o/testng.html.j2:62
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locale/ar/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po, string 604